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![]() Peterson READING 2 Urban Regimes, Clarence N. Since the late 1980s, the ascendency of public-private partnerships in building the urban environment has favored the planners promoting systems approaches, who promise a future of high-tech “smart cities” under their complete control.Preface INTRODUCTORY ESSAY: Governing the Metropolis in the Global Era PART ONE Globalization and the Economic Imperative CHAPTER 1 Studying Urban Governance in a Global Age READING 1 The Interests of the Limited City, Paul E. The postwar consensus of theory and practice was shattered, replaced by a fragmented profession ranging from defenders of top-down systems of computer-generated simulations to proponents of advocacy planning from the bottom up. Beginning in the Watts district of Los Angeles in 1965, mass uprisings escalated over the next three years into a national crisis of social disorder, racial and ethnic inequality, and environmental injustice. But the planners’ clean-sweep approach to urban renewal and the massive destruction caused by highway construction provoked a revolt of the grassroots. During this unprecedented period of peace and prosperity, academically trained experts played central roles in the modernization of the inner cities and the sprawl of the suburbs. Over the next thirty-five years, however, wars and depression limited their influence.įrom 1945 to 1965, in contrast, represents the golden age of formal planning. In 1909–1910, a revolutionary idea-comprehensive city planning-opened a new era of professionalization and institutionalization in the planning departments of city halls and universities. Building the urban environment also became a wellspring of innovation in science, medicine, and administration. ![]() From the 1850s to the 1900s, both local governments and utility companies responded to this explosive physical and demographic growth by constructing a “networked city” of modern technologies such as gaslight, telephones, and electricity. By the 1850s, immigration and industrialization were fueling the rise of big cities, creating immense, collective problems of epidemics, slums, pollution, gridlock, and crime. ![]() City planning has involved the design and construction of large-scale infrastructure projects to provide basic necessities such as a water supply and drainage. As places of dense habitation, cities have always required coordination and planning. ![]()
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